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Heat Treating Metal: An Overview Altering the properties of a metal requires the application of heat, or removing heat utilizing a quenching technique. Treating metal with heat, or cooling it after it is heated, can alter the following properties to various degrees: ductility, hardness, softness, stress, and tensile strength. To accomplish one or more of these properties, a number of of the next treatments can be utilized: annealing, tempering, hardening, quenching, normalizing, and stress relieving. An overview of every treatment is listed below: Annealing Annealing removes stresses or induces softness to improve ductility or formability, respectively. Common types of annealing include: Bright annealing- Bright annealing is performed in vacuum pressure furnace, bell annealer, or controlled atmosphere furnace to prevent oxidation. It really is typically performed on chromium alloys such as stainless steel. Process annealing- Process annealing makes metal easier to cold roll or draw. It can also ensure it is more formable for bending applications. Recovery annealing- Recovery annealing restores ductility and reduces stresses in cold worked metal. Full annealing- Full annealing produces the softest, most stress-free metal. It really is typically performed to make metal simpler to machine, or even to improve its dimensional stability. Annealing takes place in a temperature selection of 300�F - 2250�F. Tempering Tempering reduces stresses and unwanted hardness caused by quenching. It is performed after quenching that follows brazing or annealing. The tempering process takes place in a temperature range of 350�F - 1250�F. Hardening Hardening is really a heating treating process that improves the mechanical properties and hardness of metals. It really is typically performed in the form of "quenching." Common hardening methods include: Water quenching- Water quenching improves the strength and hardness of low and medium carbon steel. Oil quenching- Oil quenching improves the strength and hardness of medium and high carbon steel. Air quenching- Air quenching improves the strength and hardness of low and medium carbon steel while reducing the chance of distortion. Age hardening- Age hardening is performed on alloys that harden because of age or the presence of precipitation. Hardening takes place in a temperature selection of 300�F - 2250�F. Normalizing Silverline Structures is conducted on ferrous metals to improve their mechanical properties, or even to improve their response to the hardening process. Normalizing takes place in a temperature selection of 1600�F - 1800�F. Stress Relieving Stress relieving relieves stresses in metal to boost dimensional stability and tensile strength. Common types of stress inducers include: flame cutting, cold working, quenching, and welding fabrication. The stress relieving process takes place in a temperature range of 300�F - 1400�F. Conclusion The list above is a basic summary of heat treating processes provided by professional metal treatment services. Whenever a company needs to alter the properties of metal pieces or assemblies, having them treated with these processes may bring remarkable cost savings in comparison to buying new components. For more info on the processes above and other metal working processes such as brazing, contact a metal treatment service today.
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